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14
2023-11
Application of precision and ultra-precision machining
The application of precision and ultra-precision technology in China is no longer limited to a few sectors such as national defense and aerospace. It has been extended to many fields of the national economy, and the scale of application has also increased greatly. Computer, modern communications, film and television communication and other industries, now need precision, ultra-precision processing equipment, as a supporting condition for its rapid development. The precision and ultra-precision machining of computer disks, video tape recorders, multi-sided prisms of laser printers, photosensitive cylinders of photocopiers and other components are all highly efficient mass automated production methods.
Precision and ultra-precision machining accuracy grade
In the category of high-precision trainers, according to the different levels of accuracy, divided into three grades: Precision of 3~0.3 μm, roughness of 0.3~0-03 μm called precision machining; Precision of 0.3~0.03 μm, roughness of 0.03~0.005 μm called ultra-precision machining, or sub-micron processing; The accuracy is 0.03 μm(30 nm), and the roughness is better than 0.005 μm or more, which is called nano (nm) processing. The most widely used ultra-precision machining processes are turning, grinding, grinding, throwing and so on.
Precision standards for precision and ultra-precision machining
General factories in industrialized countries have been able to stabilize the processing accuracy of 3 μm (5 μm in China). At the same time, the processing below this value is usually called ordinary precision processing, while the processing above this value is called high precision processing.
What is a thrust needle roller bearing
The thrust needle roller bearing can be considered as a special thrust cylindrical roller bearing, and its aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of the roller length to the diameter, which is significantly greater than 2. Therefore, the load capacity of thrust needle roller bearings is significantly smaller than that of cylindrical roller bearings with a comparable thrust diameter. Use thrust needle roller bearings in the medium and low speed range to prevent the adverse effects of sliding between the rollers and the raceway. Thrust needle roller bearings can be a complete bearing assembly with a thrust washer and roller cage assembly, or a needle roller and cage assembly. The needle rollers are hardened and precision ground for optimal load distribution. When these requirements cannot be met, it is strongly recommended to use thrust washers.
What is a thrust roller bearing
Thrust roller bearings (thrust roller bearings) are used to bear axial load-based shaft and radial combined load, but the radial load shall not exceed 55% of the axial load. Compared with other thrust roller bearings, this kind of bearing has low friction coefficient, high speed and self-aligning performance. The roller of the 29000 bearing is an asymmetric spherical roller, which can reduce the relative sliding of the roller and the raceway in the work. The roller is long, the diameter is large, the number of rollers is large, and the load capacity is high. Oil lubrication is usually used. In the design and selection, should be preferred; 80000 type thrust cylindrical roller bearings, 90000 type thrust tapered roller bearings and AXK type thrust needle roller bearings, can bear one-way axial load, it is much larger than the thrust ball bearings axial load capacity, and rigid, occupy the axial space is small. Thrust cylindrical roller bearings and thrust needle roller bearings are suitable for low speed occasions, thrust tapered roller bearings speed slightly higher than the thrust cylindrical roller bearings.
What is thrust ball bearing
Thrust ball bearing (thrust ball bearing) is a kind of separation type bearing, shaft ring, seat ring and cage, steel ball components can be separated. The shaft ring is a ring matched with the shaft, and the seat ring is a ring matched with the bearing seat hole, and there is a gap between it and the shaft; the thrust ball bearing can only bear the axial load, the one-way thrust ball bearing can only bear the axial load in one direction, and the two-way thrust ball bearing can bear the axial load in two directions; the thrust ball bearing cannot limit the radial displacement of the shaft, and the limit speed is very low, the one-way thrust ball bearing can limit the axial displacement of the shaft and the housing in one direction, and the two-way bearing can limit the axial displacement in two directions.
Scientific Basis of Thrust Bearing
Thrust bearings are used to carry axial loads. They are also called axial bearings. Similar to a radial bearing, a thrust bearing includes two races, a set of rolling elements, and a cage for holding the rolling elements. The main difference between axial (thrust) bearings and radial bearings is the arrangement of the bearing races. In an axial bearing, two races are arranged side by side in a parallel arrangement along the axial direction. The rolling body is sandwiched between the two races. According to the geometry of the rolling elements, thrust bearings are divided into thrust ball bearings, thrust roller bearings and thrust needle roller bearings.